Volume-X, Issue-IV, July 2024 |
A Brief History of ‘Square of Opposition’ Kutubuddin Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, West Bengal, India |
Received: 03.07.2024 | Accepted: 10.07.2024 | Published Online: 31.07.2024 | Page No: 121-132 | ||||
DOI: 10.29032/ijhsss.vol.10.issue.04W.013 | |||||||
ABSTRACT | ||
In 4th century B.C, Aristotle introduced this new branch of knowledge called ‘Logic’. The main aim of this research paper is how has the notion of the ‘Square of Opposition’ developed in time to time? In this context, I will discuss how Aristotle, Apuleius, Boethius and Parsons have explained the notion of ‘Square of Opposition’. The difference in their viewpoints regarding the opposition relation will also be discussed. It will also be discussed Apuleius’ four opposition relations and Parsons’ notion of ‘Square of Opposition’. Further, it will also be discussed why the modern logicians have refuted the notion of ‘Traditional Square of Opposition’ and given the idea of ‘Cross’ of Opposition. Emphasis will also be given on how the modern logicians with the help of empty term and George Boole with the notion of ‘Existential Import’ have refuted the three opposition relations (Contrary, Sub-contrary and Subaltern). It will also be discussed why Modern logicians opined that from two universal propositions, one particular proposition cannot follow. In this context, how they have proved the case with the help of Euler and Venn-Peirce diagram will be shown. Keywords: Proposition, Opposition Relation, Empty Term, Existential Import, Diagram. |